Windows10 安装 WSL2 的一些记录

1.查看本机 windows 版本

键盘上按下 win+R,输入 winver，查看系统版本。必须运行 Windows 10 版本 2004 及更高版本（内部版本 19041 及更高版本）或 Windows 11。满足版本要求后，继续下一步。

2.BIOS 及控制面板开启虚拟化

(1)BIOS 开启虚拟化
我用的是联想小新笔记本，开机时狂按 F2（Fn+F2）即可进入 BIOS 界面，找到在上方的【Cpu Configuration】选项，将最下方的【Intel Virtual Technology】，在 VirtuallizationTechnology 上按下回车键把 Disabled 改为 Enabled。AMD 则是将【SVM Support】设置为设置为【Enable】的状态；最后点击【F10】保存退出即可。
开机后打开【任务管理器——性能】检查 VT 功能是否成功开启

(2)在 Windows 系统中开启虚拟化

3.Powershell 中启用 Windows 子系统和虚拟机平台功能

在 powerShell 中以管理员身份运行下面命令以确保开启适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统和虚拟机平台配置项。

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wsl --install
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

wsl --set-default-version 2

开启后重启
检查版本

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wsl -l -v

4.下载安装包并安装

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Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/wsl-ubuntu-1804 -OutFile Ubuntu18.appx -UseBasicParsing
Rename-Item .\Ubuntu_1804.2019.522.0_x64.appx Ubuntu18.appx
Rename-Item .\Ubuntu18.appx Ubuntu18.zip
Expand-Archive .\Ubuntu18.zip -Verbose
cd Ubuntu18/
.\ubuntu1804.exe
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Rename-Item .\Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64.appx Ubuntu20.appx
Rename-Item .\Ubuntu20.appx Ubuntu20.zip
Expand-Archive .\Ubuntu20.zip -Verbose
cd Ubuntu20/
.\ubuntu2004.exe

5.WSL apt 换源

换源地址集合（开源软件国内镜像源对比）
WSL2 换源系列问题（https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_47359411/article/details/123861792）
(1).备份源列表

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cd /etc/apt/

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

(2).命令行打开 sources.list 文件

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sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

(3).将源文件内容全部注释,并添加以下任意源（优先清华源） #阿里云 #20221005 经测试 ubuntu18.04 速度只有 100 多 kb

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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#清华源 #20221005 经测试 ubuntu18.04 报错但下方找到解决方案
解决：将/etc/resolv.conf 下的源本机为 WSL 设置的虚拟 ip 地址注释掉

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

20.04(http)

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# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

#中科大源（配置链接）#20221005 经测试 ubuntu18.04 OK

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deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

(4).更新源

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cat sources.list

sudo apt-get update

(5).更新软件，然后你就可以感受到更换国内源之后的飞速提升了

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sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get -y upgrade

(6).更换默认 vim
卸载 vim-tiny

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sudo apt-get remove vim-common

安装 vim-full

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sudo apt-get install vim

6.开启宿主 Win10 文件系统相互访问

(1).Win 系统访问 WSL2 文件
在资源管理器输入

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\\wsl$

(2).Linux 子系统访问 Win10 文件
在 WSL 内 进入 mnt 目录

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cd /mnt/

7.解决 systemctl 命令无法使用问题

1.安装daemonize和fontconfig

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apt install -y fontconfig daemonize

2.编辑/etc/profile 脚本，加入如下内容：

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SYSTEMD_PID=$(ps -ef | grep '/lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target$' | grep -v unshare | awk '{print $2}')

if [ -z "$SYSTEMD_PID" ]; then
   sudo /usr/bin/daemonize /usr/bin/unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
   SYSTEMD_PID=$(ps -ef | grep '/lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target$' | grep -v unshare | awk '{print $2}')
fi

if [ -n "$SYSTEMD_PID" ] && [ "$SYSTEMD_PID" != "1" ]; then
    exec sudo /usr/bin/nsenter -t $SYSTEMD_PID -a su - $LOGNAME
fi

3.修改/etc/sudoers 文件，加入如下内容：

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%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/daemonize /usr/bin/unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/nsenter -t [0-9]* -a su - [a-zA-Z0-9]*

4.执行 source /etc/profile 或者是重新打开 terminal，执行 systemctl 验证是否能够正常操作。

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sudo vi /etc/wsl.conf

[network]
generateHosts = false


8.关闭 WSL2 进程

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#关闭虚拟机
wsl --shutdown

9.对 WSL 内存进行限制

输入 %UserProfile% 并打开 CMD
执行code .wslconfig并填入下列内容

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[wsl2]
processors=8
memory=8GB
swap=8GB
localhostForwarding=true

安装配置参考：https://blog.csdn.net/RenLJ1895/article/details/122741040
安装到其他盘参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/16614014.html
WSL2 内存限制参考：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/345645621